{"id":489,"date":"2018-10-20T10:58:49","date_gmt":"2018-10-20T10:58:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/english.orochinagi.com\/?page_id=489"},"modified":"2022-05-11T07:35:09","modified_gmt":"2022-05-11T07:35:09","slug":"writing-in-an-academic-professional-style","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/orochinagi.com\/english\/writing-in-an-academic-professional-style\/","title":{"rendered":"Writing in an Academic \/ Professional Style"},"content":{"rendered":"

Abstract vs Introduction<\/h1>\n

An abstract<\/strong> contains a brief summary of the text, including the conclusion.\u00a0 With it, the reader can decide if they need to read the paper for more details.<\/p>\n

Suggested contents: Background, objectives, methods, results and conclusion<\/em><\/p>\n

An introduction<\/strong> starts a text by explaining the background in detail to get the reader interested in continuing, much like with stories.\u00a0 An abstract is an introduction while an introduction is not an abstract.<\/p>\n

In professional and academic work, abstracts are more usual.<\/p>\n

Formulating the objective<\/h1>\n

Which is best? <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. I will explain why X is better than Y<\/li>\n
  2. This essay will examine why X is better than Y<\/li>\n
  3. This essay will prove that X is better than Y<\/li>\n
  4. X is better than Y because of a, b, c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Expressions to use<\/h1>\n

    Prove<\/h5>\n

    This is better.
    \nThis is better than<\/p>\n

    This is the result
    \nThis has an impact on
    \nThis shows\/demonstrates<\/p>\n

    Less sure statements<\/h5>\n

    Data tends to show something
    \nData shows that more often than not, x is bigger than y
    \nUsers tend to do something
    \nUsers are likely to do something<\/p>\n

    Using evidence<\/h5>\n

    It should be considered that
    \nConsider the evidence that shows
    \nConsidering points a+B,
    \nData shows that
    \nData reveals that
    \nData found reveals that
    \nThis concept\/idea\/fact is supported by\/backed up by
    \nThis is backed up by the fact that<\/p>\n

    BALANCING arguments<\/h5>\n

    (biased work is not acceptable) !<\/p>\n

    Refuting this idea,
    \nIn opposition,
    \nConversely,
    \nOn the other hand,<\/p>\n

    REFERENCING<\/h5>\n

    John McDog said “X-Y=Z\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

    This is a basic expression.\u00a0 For students worried about word counts, quotes usually cannot be counted as they are not your own words, therefore it’s always better to paraphrase:<\/p>\n

    According to McDog (2017), X – Y = Z<\/p>\n

    or<\/p>\n

    X – Y = Z (McDog 2017).<\/p>\n

    Use footnotes for more details, bibliography for information to find the source<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Conclusion<\/h5>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Do NOT add:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • New information<\/li>\n
    • Quotes<\/li>\n
    • Questions<\/li>\n
    • Whimsical talk about the future<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Do:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Summarise<\/li>\n
      • Conclude<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        It is clear that
        \nIt can be seen
        \nIt can be concluded
        \nThe inverse can be seen
        \nThe impact is clear
        \nX is better than Y because of a,b,c.
        \nWhile X is an important point, it should be considered that \u2026.
        \nComparing X and Y, it can be perceived that \u2026.<\/p>\n

        Higher level writing will conclude without using the words “conclude\/conclusion\/summary” because it is made clear by summarising the argument.<\/p>\n

        Poor examples of writing<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n